CULTURE IN NEPAL

Culture is the totality of material entities created by main in the process of development of human society. The material culture includes home, machine, weapon, tools and other non-material culture includes norms and values, tradition, language, and law, etc. Since man is a rational creature he has invented one or the other thing in different historical periods. As a whole, whatever man has created for fulfilling his/her own needs, for making life meaningful, to adjust in difficult circumstances is also known as Culture. So, It is a very complex and a broad concept in the field of sociology and anthropology. Etymologically, the word culture is found to have developed from the word 'Paris kit'. It is speculated that in eastern philosophy the word is thought to have come from Sanskar. In this way, culture can be taken as a broad term changing and developing from time to time. Culture essentially entails symbol, language, norms and values and material form. These are the essentials of culture.

Society is dynamic and changeable. Culture affects different aspects of society like politics, economy, social, system and behavior. Beings a way of life of human beings culture is always changing. Though there was less diversity, nomadic age has also a particular kind of culture. The Culture was simple and it was seen in the system of production and the technology used in production, It was also there in eating, wearing and thinking. There was simplicity in social behavior, activities, religion, norms, and values. On the whole, there was simplicity in the material and non-material aspects of culture. There were cultural evolution and diffusion in the course of development of society. There are different innovations and their diffusion from one place to another brought a kind of dynamism fundamental cultural forms. We know, Mesopotamian culture and civilization, a civilization of Nile river nad Greco-Roman culture and civilizations have progressed and changed over time. The dynamism in cultural change moves forward as social development.

Culture is a very broad concept and it is universal. It is integral in the development and socialization of man. Regarding what culture is, we can look at the thoughts of different scholars and experts. E.B. Tylor's definition is very inclusion. According to him -"It is that complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, customs and any other capabilities and habits acquired by men as a member of society". This is a holistic definition of culture emphasizing the idea that culture includes everything that men have acquired as a social being.

In collins' dictionary of sociology, culture has been defined as "It is the human creative and use of symbols and artifacts. It may be taken as constituting the way of life of an entire society, and this will include codes of manners, dress. language, rituals, norms of behaviors, a system of belief. Sociologists stress that human behavior is primarily the result of nurture rather than nature". This definition highlights that culture is man's creative and it is a way of life of the whole society. It is a use of symbols and artifacts. It refers to the totality of man's creative as a social animal like norms and values, dress, language, and rituals. Social determinants are much more important and not biological determinants. This shows that society is a determining factor in the development, diffusion and refinement of culture.

This definition emphasizes human, behavior, art and ideology and religious patterns. It also highlights transmission to the totality of man's creation that in culture. It claims that culture is non-biological. It is the totality of the way of life of man. Different material and non-material elements of culture help run social life. Culture is transmitted from one individual, society and generations to another individual, society and generation. Man creates cultures for conducting his economic and social activities. Man receives culture from others and is influenced by them.