Objectives of Production

1.1 Subsistence

The first aim of production is to make the subsistence of families and communities. It is to fulfill the internal needs. If goods and services are produced for subsistence without any purpose of gain we call it subsistence aim of production. The production in ancient and tribal society is done by focusing on family and community and without any motive for profit. Where goods and services are not meant for sale. Here the main purpose of production is primary production.

In the course of development of society, this kind of production was there in the beginning stage. Where goods were produced with the aim of fulfilling the needs of families and small communities. The nature and features of production of goods were as follows. 

• Small scale production. 
• Production based on internal skills, means and resources. 
• Communal production guided by social feeling not by profit and market. 
• Use of production in family and community. 
• Production suited to socio-cultural purpose 
• Possibility of communal ownership on production. 
• Production of communal ownership on production. 

In subsistence production system there is no thought for increasing production through industry and technology where the main goal of production is to manage the livelihood of the family. Here, as far as possible all the goods and services needed for people are produced. Agriculture and animal husbandry is the main basis of such production. If people cannot produce all the goods and services they need they go for inter family and communal borrowing and lending. This is based on exchange system. This kind of goal of production is found in hunting and gathering society. In all societies we find this aim of production of goods and services in the initial phase.

Under this goal of production, economic, social, political and cultural needs of the community are fulfilled from the community level. Political system and social-cultural practices are developed accordingly. It has its impact on production system. All of these processes were confined to family and community level.

1.2 Conspicuous Consumption

This kind of consumption is found in the elite class of feudal society. In this system consumption is emphasized rather than the production of goods and services and expensive goods are consumed to make a show of it, to impress other people and to show their past. Conspicuous consumption is done to show oneself as rich, different and privileged from others. This kind of consumption was prevalent among the kings and emperors of feudal society and high ranking officials of state mechanism.

This kind of consumption is also found in capitalistic society. The nature of goods consumed by very rich people is different. People who become rich overnight are involved in this kind of consumption. The food they, eat the clothes they wear and the vehicles they ride and any other things they consume are based on foreign production. This kind of consumption is of luxurious type of the class of capitalists were found to follows, This pattern of consumption is in separately the initial stage of development of capitalism. The politicians of Nepal are guided by this thinking today.

Such kind of conspicuous consumption, in stead of fulfilling the material needs of people, fulfills their psychological needs. This kind of consumption is hypocritical because in stead of satisfaction and fulfillment of needs it is done to demonstrate one's status to other people. It is more symbolic. Ins society, there are people of this tendency. They think that living a hypocritical life gives life a meaning. This kind of tendency is found less or more in every society because it is a psychological tendency of people.

1.3 Commercial Production

In today's modern capitalistic system of production, main goal of production is the commercial production of goods and services. Production is done to sell goods and services for making profit. Goods are market oriented. Selling one's own production in the market and buying the goods and services that one needs is called system of commercial production. It involves a large scale production system or production which buys and sells services and goods through the medium of monetary exchange is called commercial production.

Whatever goods are produced today in different countries of the world, the main purpose of that is commercial production. In this way they can establish their production in the global market. They want to purpose was not there in the ancient and feudal societies.

The processes, goals and features of commercial production are as follows: 

• Market centered production 
• Production for sale 
• Secondary production 
• Monetary production 
• Large scale industrial production 
• Competition 
• Industrial labor division 
• System of cash wages 

Looking at the production system of Nepalese society, it has gradually been becoming market oriented. Here, the goal of urban production is commercial but many rural production structures are based on subsistence production system. This production has not become market centered. Rather than for scale, such goods are meant for the fulfillment of the needs of the family and the community. But whatever is produced in Nepal today in areas like foods, machinery, communication and construction their purpose is commercial production. Where goods are produced and distributed for the market. But Nepali production is very negligible in the world market. Nor it is able to fulfill internal demands. We are not able to push forward the process of production by market zing it on a large scale. We have not been able to manage capital, resources and technology for this. Unsuccessful policy of the state is mostly responsible for it.