Summary of role of women the household decision making

This study was carried out as a partial fulfillment of the master’s level requirement. The study especially carries out women’s participation and decision-making in the various components of the program. Though which it tries to identify the condition of women in rural society it also highlights the socio-economic characteristic of women in rural society, in the Nepalese context women’s participation in decision-making process, is very low though their population covers more than half sky of the country. They daily spend there most of the working time in household activities. Women contribute more labour to the household work.

The main objectives of the present study are to analyze the role of women the household decision-making Dhadhawar, VDC Ward no. 1, 3, 6 of Bardiya District is one selected study area. The total number of household 8,62 and population 60,480. Tharu Chhetri, Kami, Sarki, Newari, Thakali, Giri and other. The VDC ward -1 Dhadhawar, Ward-3 Katarina and ward – 6 Bangui. The economy is mainly dependent on agricultural and livestock husbandry. There are some socio-physical infrastructures like road, (gravel), electricity, telephone, health post, market, secondary and higher secondary school etc.

6.1.1 Demographic Characteristics 

• In the field area total 2,975 female populations among them sample 135 female populations. 
• The majority of the respondents (44.45) are in the age group 25-34 years. 
• The majority of the respondents (87.40%) had married, only (10%) had divorced and widowed. 
• The majority of the respondents age 16-20 years in 63.70 percent. 
• Out of 135 respondents (61.54%) respondents are at first birth in 16-20 years (21.37%) respondents are first birth in below 16 years. 
• In the field area (27.40%), headship is women respondents self (48.89%) and (23.40%) another family member. 
• Out of 135 respondents, (60%) percent women respondents are a use of family planning method. 

6.1.2 Socio-economic characteristics 

• The majority of the respondents (81.48%) are Hindu, 3.70 Christian 14.81 Buddhist. 
• Out of 135 women respondents (59.29%) are illiterate and 4.74 are illiterate in the study area. 
• In the field area, a level of education of the respondent (50.32%) are in primary level (11%) are the informal education secondary level (25%) percent and (11.25%) are high level. 
• Out of 135 sampled household, (33.34%) of households have land up to 5 Katha, 44.45 percent of households have -20 Katha and only 22.23% of household have 22.23% of household have 21 & more land. 
• The majority of the household main occupation is foreign employment (40.74%), 18.52 percent of households work in the agriculture sector, 17.78 percent of a household of occupation wage/labouring, 11.11% of households occupation is business/industry. 
• In the field area majority (66.67%) of the women respondents, the main occupation is housewife, (22.23%) percent of women respondents the main occupation is wage/labouring and only (11.12%) of women respondents work in service/business. 
• In the field area majority of the household (92.59) have mobile 55.6 percent of household have a cycle, (48.45%) of a household have TV and only (11.86%) of the household have the motorcycle. 
• Monthly income family out of 135 respondents (28.89%) of households monthly income Rs. 1600 – 5000 (17.03%) of a household have monthly income Rs 10001 – 15000 and Rs. 15001 – 20000 and Rs. 20001 & more monthly income of household only (11.11%). 
• Out of 135 respondents majority of the women respondents (66.67%) are unemployment. 
• Among the employment respondents, highest (14.82%) of women respondents monthly income Rs. Up to 2000. Rs. 2001 – 3500 monthly income of women respondents of 7.40 and lowest (1.48%) of women respondents monthly income Rs, 6001 & more. 

Women in Decision- Making in household activities 

• Out of 135 respondents, only 105 respondents’ children go to school. In the field area, women respondents take decision on child education only (8%) take decision self, 70.7 highest (67%) take decision both (husband & wife) 17.4 take decision husband and another family member 11.13% 
• In the field area take a decision on a visit to friends & relatives only 21 respondents take the decision themselves the majority of the respondents take decision their husband (31.12%) other family member take decision 18.51%. 
• In the family buying daily goods respondents take a decision (70) themselves both 25 and 25 respondents give answer take decision another family member. 
• Out of 135 respondents, only 15 women respondents take decision buying/selling important things themselves, the majority of the respondents take decision both (husband & wife). 20 other family member take decision buying/selling important things. 

Women in Family Decision-Making process

Household decision-making power is the strong indicator of women’s empowerment of society. Analysis has focused upon the relative status of women in terms of women’s participation in household decision-making power in demographic, socio-economic characteristics as: 

• According to a demographic and socio-economic variable, women respondents take a decision on first birth no one takes a decision themselves. Age group wise, the majority of the women respondents take a decision on first birth on one take decision themselves. Age group wise, the majority of the women respondents take a decision on first jointly with husband but 45 & above years respondents take a decision (87.9%) another family member. 21+ age at marriage of respondents takes decision 98 percent jointly with their husband. 
• The study shows that according to demographic and socio-economic variables, women, respondents no one take decision jointly. 
• Age group wise, a decision on children education 26 percent take self-decision. Age group 45 & above years 40 joint 39 percent other family member take a decision. 
• All group of women respondents highest take a decision on children education jointly (husband & wife) and age group 15-24 years of women respondents 53% do not take decision their children education, take decision another family member. Widow/divorced women respondents take decision 75% own a self-better than married women. Low age at marriage respondents takes decision highly another family member. 
• Religion wise, Christian women respondents take a self-decision on children education better position than Hindu women. In the study area, literate respondents do not take self-decision on child education on child education illiterate women respondents take decision 18% themselves. 
• Age wise, 70.7% respondents age group (35-34 years take a decision on purchase fro daily household needs their own decision, only 8.3 percent with their husband and 21 percent take decision another family member. 15-24 years of respondents 60% do not take decision self on purchases for daily household needs, take a decision, another family member. 75% widow/divorced respondents take self-decision making position than married respondents. 
• The majority (76.3) of respondents take a decision on important things buying or selling jointly age group (25-34) yeas and (57%) respondents other family member take decision age group 15-24 years. Married women respondents only 3.5 percent take self-decision and better position on widow/divorced respondents (70%). High age at marriage respondents does not take a decision on important things buying or selling. 
• It is found that Religion wise, better position on Christian women respondents take a decision (22.3%) self and (66.7%). In the field area, educated women respondents take decision better position. Highest (30%) wage/labouring respondents take decision their own decision. 
• In the case of expenditure of family income age group 15-24 years of women respondents highest (57%) other family member take decision jointly. Better position widow/divorced respondents (65%) self-decision than married respondents. 21+ years at married women respondents take a better position on self-decision than under age 20 years at marriage. 
• Christian women respondents take decision own self on an expenditure of family income better position than Hindu women respondents. In the field area, illiterate and informal educated respondents take decision self. Highly educated respondent’s better position on a highly educated person. 
• Age group wise, take a decision on taking or giving loan 15-24 years women respondents highest 60.5 percent take decision other family member and 9% take a decision on their own self. the majority of the 74% widow/divorced women respondents take a decision on taking or giving loan than married women respondents. In the field area, high age at marriage of respondents betters positions to take a decision with their husband. 
• Age group wise, 15-24 years of respondents (67%) take decision other family member on meet relatives & friends and only 8% take decision other family member (82%) widow/divorce women respondents take decision on meet relative & friends own self. Below 20 years age at marriage of women respondents take decision on meet relatives & friends high than 21+ years at marriage of respondents. 

Religion wise, better position on Christian women respondents take decision on meet relative& friends (40%) own self who work service/business occupation respondents take better position own self than housewife and wage/labouring occupation women respondents